Confidence and Calibration of Activation Oracles for Reliable Interpretation of Language Model Internals

This paper compares five confidence methods across four Qwen and Gemma activation oracles. Forced choice is most accurate when possible answers are known. Bootstrap agreement is calibrated for free text without annotated data.

August 2026 · F. Torrielli, P. Schneider-Kamp, L. G. Poech

Developing Virtual Personas from User Level Social Media Data

This paper tests the stability and human alignment of virtual patient profiles built from anonymized social media histories. Results vary across models, prompts, and clinical domains.

July 2026 · F. Quilghini, F. Torrielli, A. Rapp, L. Di Caro, M. Settanni, D. Marengo

Exploiting large language models in peer review: indirect prompt injection attacks and integrity probes

This paper studies indirect prompt injection in AI assisted peer review across 42,000 chatbot outputs. Hidden instructions alter assessments and can support organizer integrity tests.

July 2026 · F. Torrielli, S. Locci, A. Rapp, L. Di Caro

Potential and limitations of LLMs for augmenting lexical knowledge bases

This paper tests whether large language models can extend lexical knowledge bases. Human evaluators accepted 86.7% of novel concepts. Automatic overlap metrics missed many valid additions.

July 2026 · F. Torrielli, G. Siragusa, V. Lovera Rulfi, A. Rapp, L. Di Caro

The Energy Society: A Simulation Environment for Studying Agent Cooperation under Survival Pressure

This paper introduces The Energy Society, a simulation environment where LLM agents spend energy to generate tokens, regain energy through jobs or donations, and face survival pressure under competitive or cooperative incentives.

June 2026 · L. B. Hansen, F. Torrielli, F. Tonini, L. G. Poech

The Arbiter Agent: Continually Monitoring Multi-Agent Conversations to Detect Emergent Misalignment

This paper introduces the Arbiter, an agent that monitors multi-agent conversations under an inspection budget and uses active inspection tools to detect misaligned agents earlier and more accurately.

June 2026 · F. Tonini, F. Torrielli, A. D. Lautrup, P. Schneider-Kamp, M. M. Çelikok, L. G. Poech

PsychoSafe: Eliciting Psychologically-Informed Refusals in Large Language Models

This paper introduces PsychoSafe, a refusal framework grounded in evidence-based intervention strategies, and evaluates prompting and fine-tuning approaches for psychologically informed LLM refusals.

June 2026 · G. Barmina, F. Torrielli, S. Harms, J. Nielsen, F. Mächtle, S. L. Beltoft, P. Schneider-Kamp, T. Eisenbarth, L. G. Poech, A. Lauscher

Emergent Languages in Populations of Language Model Agents: From Token Efficiency to Oversight Evasion

This paper studies emergent languages in Moltbook agent populations, identifying categories such as token efficiency, new natural languages, and oversight evasion, and showing that surface-behavior monitoring may be insufficient for agent oversight.

May 2026 · S. L. Beltoft, W. Brach, F. Torrielli, J. Nielsen, A. B. Pirchert, F. Tonini, P. Schneider-Kamp, L. G. Poech

The Moltbook Files: A Harmless Slopocalypse or Humanity's Last Experiment

This paper releases and analyzes the Moltbook Files, a dataset of agent-only social-network activity, studying community structure, safety risks, and the effect of Moltbook data on downstream language-model behavior.

May 2026 · W. Brach, F. Torrielli, S. L. Beltoft, A. B. Pirchert, P. Schneider-Kamp, L. G. Poech

How do people develop folk theories of generative AI text-to-image models?

This paper presents a qualitative study exploring how people develop folk theories to explain and understand generative AI text-to-image models.

January 2025 · C. D. Lodovico, F. Torrielli, L. D. Caro, A. Rapp

How do people experience the images created by generative artificial intelligence?

This paper explores how people experience images created by generative AI, examining their perceptions, appraisals, and emotional responses to GenAI text-to-image models and their creations.

January 2025 · A. Rapp, C. D. Lodovico, F. Torrielli, L. D. Caro

GENERAL: Generative, Explainable and Reasonable Artificial Learning

Introduction to the GENERAL workshop focusing on generative, explainable and reasonable artificial learning approaches.

September 2023 · L. D. Caro, A. Rapp, F. Torrielli

Paint it, BLACK: A Novel Methodology for Prompting

This paper introduces BLACK, a novel methodology for prompting large language models and generative AI systems.

September 2023 · F. Torrielli

Stars, Stripes, and Silicon: Unravelling ChatGPT's All-American, Monochrome, Cis-Centric Bias

This paper investigates and reveals cultural, racial, and gender biases present in ChatGPT, examining its all-American, monochrome, and cis-centric tendencies.

September 2023 · F. Torrielli

How shall a machine call a thing?

This paper explores the concept of basicness in language through attention-based neural networks and human-in-the-loop methodology. Based on the Master’s thesis work.

June 2023 · F. Torrielli, A. Rapp, L. D. Caro

NearMe: Dynamic Exploration of Geographical Areas

NearMe presents a novel approach to dynamic exploration of geographical areas, enabling users to interact with digital maps and discover nearby points of interest.

July 2021 · N. Mauro, L. Ardissono, F. Torrielli